Papal crusade propaganda and attacks against Jews in France in the 1230s: a breakdown of communication?

This article presents a case study of the papal communication accompanying crusader violence against Jews in France mid 1230s. The pogroms perpetrated during preparatory phase so-called Crusade Barons, which 1000s were killed, are best-documented anti-Jewish attacks thirteenth century. They coincide with period unprecedented crusade propaganda Europe when crusades to Holy Land, Latin Empire and Baltic preached. argues that at least part provoked by Pope Gregory IX’s message, formed basis propaganda, even though pope never called for on contrary condemned sharply. fact so many killed crusaders 1230s can, therefore, be described as result partial breakdown communication.